THE BUSHY-TAILED WOODRAT

THE BUSHY-TAILED WOODRAT

 

The bushy-tailed woodrat, or packrat (Neotoma cinerea) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found mainly in Canada and the United States. Its natural habitats are boreal forests, temperate forests, dry savanna, temperate shrubland, and temperate grassland. It is interesting and worth knowing that this species of organism has been spotted in Bamenda-Cameroon in 2018.

 It has a strong preference for shiny objects and will drop whatever it may be carrying in favor of a coin or a spoon.

It is an interesting organism to study, given then fact that the female can become pregnant while still breastfeeding its young. 

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Cricetidae
Subfamily:	Neotominae
Genus:	Neotoma
Species:	Neotoma. cinerea

Description

Bushy-tailed woodrats can be identified by their  rounded ears, and their long bushy tails. Their top coloration may vary from buff to almost black. The tail is squirrel-like - bushy, and flattened from base to tip.

These woodrats are good climbers and have sharp claws. They use their long tails for balance while climbing and jumping, and for added warmth^.

These rodents are sexually dimorphic, with the average male about 50% larger than the average female.

 

The bushy-tailed woodrat is the largest and most cold-tolerant species of woodrat. 

Habitat

Bushy-tailed woodrats occupy a wide range of habitats, from boreal forests to deserts. Their preferred habitat is in and around rocky places, so they are often found along cliffs, slopes, and open rocky fields. They readily adapt to abandoned buildings.

These woodrats do not do as well in old-growth forests. They are found with greater frequently and in higher densities in more open habitats.

Diet

Taken in Bamenda-Cameroon in 2018

The bushy-tailed woodrat prefers green vegetation (leaves, shoots), but it will also consume twigs, fruits, nuts, seeds, mushrooms, and some animal matter. One study in southeastern Idaho found grasses, cactus, vetch, sagebrush, and mustard plants in their diets, as well as a few arthropods. In drier habitats, they will concentrate on succulent plants.

These rodents get all their water from their food, so they do not need to drink.

Reproduction and lifecycle

Males establish dominance in their territories through scent marking and physical confrontations. Fights consist largely of biting and scratching, and may result in serious injury.

Breeding occurs between May through August, with a gestation period of about five weeks. A female may have one or two litters each year. Litters can range in size from two to six, with a typical litter size of three. The females have only four mammary glands, so larger litters most likely have higher attrition rates. Females have been observed breeding as soon as 12 hours after giving birth, and may be pregnant with one litter while nursing another.

Gestation period in captivity is 27–32 days. Newborns weigh around 15 g. Eyes open at about 15 days old, and weaning occurs at 26–30 days.

Males leave the mother at 2½ months. Females often stay in the same area as the mother, with an overlapping range. This is a clear exception to their territorial natures, and this relationship is not currently well understood. The daughters may share food caches with the mother, increasing their likelihood of survival, and the higher female density of the area may also help attract males.

Females breed for the first time when they are yearlings.

taken in Bamenda

Behavior

Bushy-tailed woodrats are active throughout the year. While primarily nocturnal, they can occasionally be seen during the day. They are usually solitary and very territorial.

These woodrats collect debris in natural crevices, and abandoned man-made structures when available, into large, quasistructures for which the archaeologists' term 'midden' has been borrowed. Middens consist of plant material, feces, and other materials which are solidified with crystallized urine. Woodrat urine contains large amounts of dissolved calcium carbonate and calcium oxalates due to the high oxalate content of many of the succulent plants upon which these animals feed.

An important distinction to make is between middens and nests. Nests are the areas where the animal is often found and where the females raise their young. Nests are usually within the midden, but regional variations to this rule occur. When not contained within the midden, the nest is usually concealed in a rocky crevice behind a barricade of sticks. 

bushy-tailedratsinafrica-cameroon

 Bushy-tailed woodrats do not hibernate. They build several food caches, which they use during the winter months.

The bushy-tailed woodrat engages in hind foot-drumming when alarmed. It will also drum when undisturbed, producing a slow, tapping sound.

One common predator  to the Bushy-tailed woodrat is the rattle snake. 

posted by Ngala maimo Wajiri